An individual's "language" is the socially shared set of rules, as well as the thought processes that go behind verbalized speech. Aphasia is not caused by damage to the brain that results in motor or sensory deficits, which produces abnormal speech that is, aphasia is not related to the mechanics of speech but rather the individual's language cognition (although a person can have both problems, particularly if they suffered a hemorrhage that damaged a large area of the brain).
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With aphasia, one or more modes of communication in the brain have been damaged and are therefore functioning incorrectly. One prevalent deficit in the aphasias is anomia, which is a difficulty in finding the correct word. For example, while a person with aphasia, particularly expressive aphasia ( Broca's aphasia), may not be able to ask a loved one when their birthday is, they may still be able to sing "Happy Birthday".
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In contrast, the use of formulaic expressions in everyday communication is often preserved. Aphasia also affects visual language such as sign language. Expressive language and receptive language can both be affected as well. The difficulties of people with aphasia can range from occasional trouble finding words, to losing the ability to speak, read, or write intelligence, however, is unaffected. The four aspects of communication are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication. Alternately, in the case of progressive aphasia, it must have significantly declined over a short period of time. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or more) of the four aspects of communication following acquired brain injury.
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Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases, but the latter are far less prevalent. The major causes are stroke or head trauma. / ə ˈ f eɪ ʒ ə/, / ə ˈ f eɪ z i ə/ or / eɪ ˈ f eɪ z i ə/Īphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions.